FROM NON-PUNISHMENT TO BEING PUNISHED: ISTINBATH TAQNIN ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW IN ACEH
Abstract
The effort to positivate the Family Law Qanun (Ahwal Al-Syakhshiyah) which has been completed by the Aceh People's Representative Council together with the Aceh Government has become a polemic among academics, human rights activists, and some activists for the protection of women and children, especially when the discourse is in the mass media said Aceh will legalize the provision that husbands can have more than one wife in one of the articles of the Aceh Qanun Number 14 of 2019 concerning Family Law. Qanuns are formulated as the embodiment of the implementation of Islamic syari'at which has a juridical basis, mandate, and order of law Number 11 of 2006 concerning Aceh Governance. However, the pros and cons of issuing qanuns remain polemic. This writing reveals how the method of reasoning used by the parties involved in writing Islamic legal rules becomes a positive law. This writing analysis unit is an academic paper and draft of family law qanuns and Aceh Qanun Number 14 of 2019 concerning Family Law. The Taqnin process is identical to the legislative process as an ijtihad activity in compiling family law qanuns into positive law in the Indonesian legal system. The family law qanun reasoning uses ijtihad jama'i as the main method which is collaborated with the Istislahy, Sadduz Zari'ah, and 'Urf methods. The stipulation of some articles shall be guided by the principles of shari'a, fiqh mazhab, and adat. Article 181 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) concerning uqubat are articles that occupy a strategic position, differentiating between Aceh Qanun Number 14 concerning Family Law and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Compilation of Islamic Laws on Marriage especially from non pusnishment act to be punish.
Abstrak: Upaya positifikasi Qanun Hukum Keluarga (Ahwal Al-Syakhshiyah) yang telah diparipurnakan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh bersama Pemerintah Aceh menjadi polemik di kalangan para akademisi, pegiat hak asasi manusia dan sebagian kalangan aktifis perlindungan perempuan dan anak, terutama ketika wacana di media massa menyebutkan Aceh akan melegalkan ketentuan suami dapat beristeri lebih dari satu dalam salah satu pasal Qanun Aceh Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 Tentang Hukum Keluarga. Qanun disusun sebagai perwujudan pelaksanaan syari’at Islam yang memiliki landasan yuridis, amanat dan perintah undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Namun pro kontra penerbitan qanun tetap menjadi polemik. Penulisan ini mengungkapkan bagaimana metode penalaran yang digunakan oleh para pihak yang terlibat dalam penulisan aturan hukum Islam menjadi hukum positif. Unit Analisis penulisan ini adalah naskah akademik dan draf qanun hukum keluarga serta Qanun Aceh Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 Tentang Hukum Keluarga. Proses Taqnin identik dengan proses legislasi sebagai kegiatan ijtihad dalam menyusun qanun hukum keluarga menjadi hukum positif dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Penalaran qanun hukum keluarga menggunakan ijtihad jama’i sebagai metode utama yang dikolaborasikan dengan metode Istislahy, Sadduz Zari’ah dan ‘Urf. Penetapan sejumlah pasal berpedoman prinsip- prinsip syari’ah, fikih mazhab dan adat. Pasal 181 Ayat (1) dan Ayat (2) tentang ‘Uqubat merupakan pasal yang menempati posisi strategis, pembeda antara Qanun Aceh Nomor 14 Tentang Hukum Keluarga dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam tentang perkawinan.
Kata Kunci: Istinbath, Hukum Keluarga, Hukuman, Aceh
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