EXAMINING THE BASIS OF MAQASHID SYARIAH IN RENEWAL OF ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA
Abstract
Social transformations have propelled renewal of Islamic law in Indonesia along with the advancement of technology and science. This social change demands new laws that cater to human needs while preserving their religious essence. Therefore, the guiding principle in every exploration of Islamic law is comprehending the literal interpretations of the Quran and Sunnah. A reformer, including those in Indonesia, must be able to understand maqashid sharia, which entails understanding the purpose of the sharia design for the benefit of humans. This research aimed to capture the dynamics of Islamic legal reform in Indonesia by assessing role of maqashid sharia as a driving aspect behind this transformation. The study employed a qualitative approach, employing both empirical and normative methodologies. It examined the application of maqashid sharia theories in Indonesia's renewal of Islamic law. The findings reveal that the rationale of maqashid sharia has been extensively developed and implemented by Islamic scholars to reform Islamic law, both pre-and post-Indonesian independence. This indicates a familiarity among Indonesian scholars and society with maqashid sharia. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that decisions made through maqashid sharia reasoning in the context of legal reform in Indonesia have consistently accommodated societal changes across various legal, social, and economic domains without contravening overarching sharia principles. Consequently, legal reform initiatives in Indonesia have effectively realized the objectives of sharia in protecting religion, soul, intellect, property, and offspring. This is evidenced by enacting numerous regulations grounded in maqashid sharia reasoning that align with the needs of social and societal transformation.
Abstrak: Pembaharuan hukum Islam di Indonesia terjadi karena adanya perubahan sosial di dalam masyarakat seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan. Perubahan sosial itu pada gilirannya menuntut adanya hukum baru yang didasarkan pada kebutuhan manusia tanpa merusak aspek keagamaan mereka. Karena itu koridor yang dipakai dalam setiap penggalian hukum Islam disampaing memahami makna literalis Al-Quran dan sunnah, seorang pembaharu termasuk yang ada di Indonesia harus mampu memahami maqasyid al-syari’at, yaitu tujuan syariat diturunkan hanya untuk kemaslahatan manusia. Penelitian ini berusaha memotret dinamika pembaharuan hukum Islam di Indonesia dengan melihat sejauhmana maqashid syariah berfungsi sebagai aspek pendorong dari perubahan itu. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif melalui pendekatan empiris dan normatif, yaitu dengan melihat teori-teori maqashid shariah yang diaplikasikan secara empiris di dalam pembaharuan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penalaran maqashid syariah telah lama tumbuh dan dipraktekkan oleh para ulama dalam upaya pembaharuan hukum Islam, baik sebelum kemerdekaan Indonesia dan maupun setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Ini memberikan tanda bahwa ulama dan masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya telah akrab dengan maqashid shariah. Temuan lainnya, bahwa ketetapan yang diambli melalui nalar maqashid shariah dalam konteks pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia telah secara konsisten mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan sosial di Indonesia hampir di semua sektor, hukum, sosial, dan ekonomi tanpa menyalahi ketentuan syariah secara umum. Sehingga upaya pembaharuan hukum di Indonesia telah dapat mencapai tujuan syariat dalam menjaga agama, jiwa, akal, harta, dan keturunan. Ditandai dengan lahirnya beberapa aturan yang disandarkan atas nalar maqashid shariah yang memang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perubahan sosial dan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Pembaharuan, Hukum Islam, Maqashid Sharia
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